Sequencing

Human DNA is made up of three billion base blocks. There are four bases on the human DNA molecules and these bases are always found in pairs. DNA Sequencing involves finding the exact order of these three billion base pairs which together form the human chromosomes. Mapping the human genome has overturned our understanding in human biology. The complexities of the genome however, mean that there are still many decades of research involving chemists, geneticists and computer experts to mention but a few. The functions of genes, their location and the exact formation of DNA are just the tip of the iceberg of what we still do not know regarding our genetic makeup.

Genetic Sequencing can help us understand which genes are responsible for what; helping us understand what makes us the way we are and the nature of genetic diseases like breast cancer. The process of sequencing involves breaking the DNA strand into smaller pieces and then analysing these smaller pieces of DNA. DNA profiling is different from sequencing and does not go into the same depth. DNA profiling is related to establishing whether there is a genetic relationship between individuals and is extremely useful to those wishing to establish whether these relationships exist, as with a DNA paternity test.

Related articles: DNA Testing & Disease Prediction